WHAT IS IT? ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory condition which results in bony growth and fusion. It is also recognized as a form of arthritis.
Ankylosing refers to the fusion of vertebra and joints of the spine. Spondylitis refers to inflammation.
Inflammation occurs where soft tissue (ligaments/tendons) attach to the bone. Once this settles, healing takes place. This results in the formation of new bone, and ultimately fusion.
Men are affected 1:200, women 1:500. Onset occurs during teenage years or in their twenties. Areas affected mainly include the SIJ and spine.
1/3 of individuals with AS are affected in other joints (shoulders, knees ankles etc)
Signs and symptoms
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Slow gradual onset of pain
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Stiffness
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Swelling
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Restricted movement of lumbar spine
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Restricted chest expansion measurement
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Pain lingers for months
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Pain is not relieved by rest
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Pain decreases with exercise
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Fatigue, fever, weight loss
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Flattened lumbar curve
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Accentuated thoracic kyphosis
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Tender Achilles and plantar fascia insertions
WHAT CAUSES IT?
Researches are uncertain of the definite cause of AS. However, there appears to be a familial tendency. Also there is a strong association (96% of individuals with AS) with Genetic Cell Marker - Human Leucocyte Antigen B27.
HOW TO SELF MANAGE
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See your GP for assessment, and referral to a Rheumatologist
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Confirmation may require an x-ray and/or MRI
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Once diagnosis confirmed:
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Stretching
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Exercise (swimming and hydrotherapy can be good as they are low impact and promote mobility)
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Medication (non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) to reduce pain
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Posture awareness – Pilates may be helpful
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Sleep with a firm mattress and a single pillow to maintain normal spinal curvatures
PROGNOSIS
AS is usually managed with increased body awareness, exercise, and medication. If joints are severely affected then surgery may be indicated at a later stage.
HOW PHYSIO HELPS?
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Conduct a thorough posture analysis
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Prescribe an exercise program addressing spinal mobility, encourage extension, increased breathing, and improved posture)
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PilatesHydrotherapy
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Massage
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Stretching
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